Model Yachting: Volume 2, Issue 2 – October-November 1930

IVIDD[L YABHTINE Shadow To bc given a“’a,v in our Word Puzzle Contest BLUE PRINTS IT.!`:! CLASS A, By SAM BERGE $1.50 CLASS A, 8″ W. S. BURGESS designer of “Enterprise” 36 in. $1.50 By F. T. WooD $1.50 SHIP CURVES $1.00 450 SAIL AREA $1.50 •:`i] i i MODEL YACHTING Melrose Highlands, Mass. JTTTTT-‘T¥¥¥.€ i REiiiE FOR SALE _ed@. Three of the fastest boats in the 450 Sail Area Class have been offered for sale as the owners are building to the larger class. The boats are pricedat $30, $35, and $40. All good buys. i+.` ARTHUR R. BROWN MELROSE HIGHLANI)S, MASS. MODEL YACHTING AND qITHHB MODm;m9 clf2A®HqIT A PRINT-CRAF`T PUBLICATION FOR MODEL YACHTSMEN VOL.11. OCTOBER-NOVEMBER,1930 NO. 2 EAGLE CUP RACES This account of the races held at South Boston, Mass., September 14th will be somewhat one-sided, as the writer was “tcking touches” on the Di.a;€p, sailed by course, was a corker. had picked up so the some real speed and some real work. The Fred Tucker, and can only tell intimately of the boats that came under his observation during the races. to The only challenger for the cup this. year was the Prospect Park Club, which sent over a team of boats made up of wlnd”a,rd. The wind and sea boats could show give the skippers first leg was a beat Witch 11, -Dittie, Jofiun HarzJard and J”7.e JJ had a merry melee getting around that spar buo.v and when they did, the fun began as they were eased off for the reach. Dc.a;e.a run off, DI.a/.5G, owned by 8. Haigh and sailed by Fred Tucker, PoJfe¢ Doc, Hrnest Bull’s famous model, and Rai.7Iboto, owned and sailed by J. 8. Ketcham. The defending team consisted of Jofa7. Harz7ard, owned by Standish Pigeon and sailed by his dad, Fred.L.; /”7te JJ, owned by E. R. Saunders, sailed by Com. J. A. Potter, and lvt.Icfe JJ, owned and sailed by Bob Paterson. These races were really a fine test of the models, as all conditions of sailing were experienced. The first race, one- half mile to windward and return, was sailed in a very light air with smooth water. Fred Tucker kept Ddr6G going beautifully all the time with very few touches, which gave him a comfortable win oven John Harvard. Polka Dot, W¢tcl. 11, June 11 8ind Rain,lioco finished in that order. Brooklyn D¢S./y EagJc Cup, the Dc £S”e Trophy At the start of the second race, over for Class 8 Models the same course, the wind had a little fouling IJ7£f cJ. JJ,. Potter, Pigeon, and more weight to it, but not enough to make the competition strenuous or exciting. Bull were going hell-bent, with all the Tucker continued his good work with skippers digging the old ash as hard as they could dig. Tucker just couldn’t dig Dde€G, holding a safe lead at all times. hard enough to keep up with Ddaede, and The third race, over a triangular finished tnost of the coLlrse with Dt.a.6G 2 MODEL sailing him and his skiff. YACHTING The PorA-w Doc year with 34 points to Prospect Park’s went flying by, Bull beal.ing clown hard 29. on the o[rirs to stay with her. Joe Peroni of Brooklyn did the judging and scoring. Here is one of the most Rc!67lboro was off form, finishing an able last in the three races, quite a reversal of her 1929 form. efficient officials. His score ,sheets are accurate and are ready in a remarkably short time after the finish of a I.ace. The breezci in this last race was just Rich’s launch was again used as the made to order for the Bt)ston team, allowing them to hr`ld the cup for anotlier judge’s boat, and there was. a capacity crowd on board. The summary: FIRST RACE Boat Divi,e…….. Slcipper Tucker…. Clacb …Prospect park …… Boston…… I ohm Ilarvon.d, Parka Dot . . . Pigeon…. Bull….,. Prospect Park Witch 11 …. June 11 ….. Patel.Son . . Boston…… Potter…. Ketcham . . Boston…,.. Rainbow…. Prospect Park Et. Tine 4`2:38 43 :40 44 :43 46 :08 47 :28 50 :43 Cot. Tine 43:48 44 :40 47 :23 48 :08 48 :28 53 :23 Waiting for the Start-First Race for EagJe Cup Left to Right: E. A. Bull, Fred Pigeon, Fred TucLer _ Diale SECOND RACE …… ` . J olun Horvard, Jun,e 11 …,., :I:£c:k:e:I…: …… :::;!ict..Pa:¥ ….. i§;:i i!::: Palka Dot . . . Wi.tch 11 : . . . Rcchnbow…. ;B:::I;a;.::::::: …. ::E:::::ct..F:T¥:::::: June 11 .Potter Ketcham ………… Prospect park …… £:::i 4608 £Z:;2 4„3:48 THIRD RACE ….. Polka I)o8 . . . .Bull ………….. Boston ………… ……………. Prospcctpaik …. John Ha;rvard Pigeon…………..Boston…… W4’toh 11 Paterson…………Boston…… …. Ddeho…….. Roubhoow…. Tucker …….. ` ….. Prospect Park Ketcham ………… Prospect Park 34:53 36:33 34:46 37:46 35 :52 39 :33 39 :4.I 41 :42 38 :42 41 :53 42 :21 48 :12 MODEL YACHTING 3 PAINTING MODEL YACHTS Boy c. o. BROOK fromEaDTa°mRi’i§y¥3:Ei=v¥rh.afa°e°dkpE;£thaanndd]iet€3£iinotusfnpiagmper:::i::::eaayr]j°::E#ut¥?!ghhetfge£:S;ar:`j:t,C°£te£ on canvas and outdoor displays; he now cwms and operates a studio, and has made a very close study of painting in nearly all known fields, and his knowledge of painting models is given readers of Mol)EI. YAcllTINc c`nly after repeated experiments and great expense. Now that winter is nearly upon us, we will be turning our minds to building models; or, if we have a model and do not intend to build another, we may decide to repaint the old one, and repair it where needed. Before I go into the actual work, I wish to state a few facts that, unheeded, will lead you astray and you will have accomplished nothing. First, do not ask a house painter to advise you on how to mix your colors. Second, do not ask the painter of large vessels, nor the decorator of interiors. If you must ask questions of someone, I would advise going to the most reliable commercial sign painter, one who does plenty of high grade bright Usually, when the practical painter tells the layman how to paint, hc may as well talk Arabic for all the benefit obtained, so I am going to make an effort to tell you, in a simple way, the only or varnished sigris, as his work brings practical method of painting models that him more nearly into the field of inodel have to take a lot of abuse and whicb we painting than any of the other professtill want to keep slick on her wetted sions mentioned. Third, do not use surface or under body. lacquers on any boat unless you would The two principal requisites are pacome to rapid grief and see a beautiful tience and ambition. Haste means waste finish drop to an irreparable mess. It is and laziness gets us nowhere. The sensible advisable to stay away from any quickdrying color, whether it is enamel or painter of a model boat that is to be placed in actual service will allow himself japan colors, except as mentioned hereone month to do the job. after. Eagle Cup Teams Left to RIght: E. A. Bull, F. L. Tucker, I. 8. Ketcham, Eagle Cup, J. A. Potter, F. L. Pigeon, Bob Paterson 4 MODEL ha:fpya°[unrtbo°nat;t£,Syaonu°Ldu3:aet±;encdtaatr]e{:td[: unpleasant work to start with, namely, getting rid of the old paint. If this is not done, you are leaving a great deal of YACHTING Class boat, take 5 lbs. of pure white lead. Personally, I prefer Dutch Boy or any other that is made by the old Dutch method. This fact is generally stated on the labels. We are going to “draw” our LLnnecessary weight on your boat because, lead, and this is how and why. Add turin a Class A boat, for instance, it is easy pentine and mix thoroughly to a heavy to add three pounds actual weight in cream, then set it aside overnight: next day you will see a film of oil on the top. paint by the method usually employed by the unskilled painter, that is, unskilled in Th;s oil is what we want to remove, so by this particular type of work. Secure tilting the can slowly we pour off the oil. sufficient paint remover and do the .job Mix with turpentine again until it is like as per directions on the container; or mix light cream and let stand till the next equal pal.ts benzol and denatured alcohol. (lay, when we again pour off the surface The latter is b’est, since it contains no oil, and our white lead is ready for use, wax, which is used in commercial paint since we have removed the oil we don’t removers to increase their speed of operneed and retained only that amount of ation and also to hold the remover in an oil necessary for penetration and buildactive state for a longer period. The ing, and `ve thin a”!gr with turpentine to reason I advise against th:s commercial remover is obvious: a certain amount of wax will stay in the wood, and even a good turpentine u’ash does not I.emo`.e it all, arid no paint will penetrate wax and I)enetration is the secret of successful adhesion or sticking qual:ty of paint. That is why painting on glass has only a short lasting period as compared to wood. After the old paint has been removetl, be sure to wash your boat thoroughly with a stiff hand brush and gasoline that is free from oil. Better buy your gas chemically pure from a druggist, or strain it through di.ugg:sts’ filter paper. a thin consistency. Stl.aim it through cheesecloth of close weave ouergr 86mG {€ ?.8 “.9e(?. This removes the skins and re- bi.eaks the pigment. Let us now go back to our sandpaper. Sanding is not a laborious job if properly done. I have seen hundreds of men sweat themselves lean sandpapering. Very little pressul.e is required to make the ground tot.lass on the paper do its wol.k. When you use great pressure you not only tear the wood fibres, but you also tear the sharp glass from the paper and fill the I.emaining glass with pulp (or paint `’,.here the sul.face has been painted). Take your No. 1 sandpeper and I.ub back :`s’:i:rema,’;use;gun:?,s|enbs:`:?c!,oFeopu:i:u:.: the trouble. Let your boat dry overnight: This will give the nap of the wood a chance to lie down again, as the wetting raisc.s a noticeable fuzzy nap on soft woods. We are now at the stage of practical:y a newly constructed hull, and the fo`,lowing applies to those who have just completed a new boat. Secure some sandpaper in the follow:ng numbers and quantity: 6 sheets of No. I (never use coarser than this except for removing chisel marks from carved models, when No. 3 can be used) ; 12 sheets of 2/0 (commonly called double aught) 12 sheets of No. 320 wet and dry; and 12 sheets of No. 400 wet and dry. Also get ten cents’ worth of pulverized rotten stone for your final rub before waxing. Before you do any further work, you should secure white lead for the part of your boat that is to be painted. (I will tell you of bright finishes after I have told you of painting.) For an A or 8 :,I:]htf°pr::ssL!geht:¥’t±:afaisd;¥£etvherj:Sste: circular motion, and, wherever possible, use the rubber sanding block which costs Sl.00, or cover blocks of wood, made to shape, with old flat rubber. When all the deep ridges are removed from the wood and it looks and feels smooth to the touch, repeat the process with the 2/0 sandpaper until the entire surface is smooth as silk. This is necessary to secure a good finish with very little labor. It is necessary to keep the hands spotlessly clean when handling work that is to be finished clear, that is, varnished over the wood. We are now ready to paint our boat. The best investment we can make at this time is a l]/2-inch camel-hair brush (flat) at a cost of .from $1.50 to $2.50. ‘IThis brush, if properly cared for, will last for years, and can be bought by a group of men who have no further need for it than painting one or two models. The care of the brush is simple. After using each time, wash thoroughly in gasoline, dry off MODEL `YACHTING #!Et]?n::gas:ntdheorteha£Sneivr£:*nva;eh`i:ee.[e:a for each coat, applying with the camelhair brush. Do not expect to see a zeJfa6£e boat after the first or even the fourth coat of paint. Allow 36 hours at least for the drying of each coat, and when each coat dries, sandpaper lightly with 2/0 sandpaper until the surface feels glassy to the touch. If you want to watei.proof your boat before painting, use Casco glue, mixed thin, and apply two c.oats, inside and out, before any paint has been applied. This gives you a hard surface that is impervious to water, and is pa:nted on w:th a cheap bristle brush. Four hours are allowed between the first and second coats of glue, and eight hours between the second coat of glue and the fit.st ccclt of I)aint. After the fourth coat of paint thore should be enough of the I)aint sanded off to show the wood in only a few high points, such as at the stem, or transom edges. It is theii we must use extreme care in handling, both with paint alid sandpaper. Apply three more coats of lead as before, but allowing 48 hours 5 at least between coats and sandpapering, and sandpapering with the No. 320 wet and dry, using a wet sponge in one hand and the sandpaper in the other, keeping the surface wet while sanding and immcdiately drying off with chamois when a portion is completed. Remember at all times tha,t hard rubbing will ruin your job, while gentle massaging will give you a beautiful glass-like surface that will remove all brush marks. We are now ready for our waterline and underbody rinish. If it is to be light colored underbody such as gray, light gi.een, etc., secure colors in oil much darker than you want and mix them with clear turpentine, to which add not more than ten drops of japan dryer. This for about one-eighth |}int of thin color. Pour this color into your drawn white lead until you have secured the tone desired, and proceed as for the white part of your boat. Where the entire boat is to be painted dark color, do the entire job except the last two coats as just mentioned, when you can use a good four-hour enamel, diluted with turpentine, for your actual coloring. (Conlir.ued in December) The American Champicn, Bosfc#¢.a JV, Designed and Built by John Black 6 MODEL MODEL YACHT RACING ASSOCIATION OF AMIERICA The annual meeting of the Model Yacht Racing Association of America will be held Friday evening, December 12, 1930, at 8 P. M., at the office of Parker Wilder Co.. 99 Chauncy Street, Boston, Mass. The following business will be brought before the meeting: YACIITING co-operation from the member clubs and helpful suggestions, which are asked for and welcome at all times. 2. That the 1931 F.1imination Races for Class A be held at Bay Side, N. Y., and that the course be sailed within a roped enclosure, 1000 feet by 200 feet, boats to be sailed from skiffs, and that the two New York clubs have charge of the race under the direction of the National body. Roll call, reading of the minutes of 3. That the registl.ation fee remain Previous meetings, reports of the Presi- se.oo pgr boat. dent, Secretary and Treasurer, unfinished business, new business, communications, 4. Models eligible for 1931 lllimination election of new members. Race. Only boats belt)nging to a club in good standing in the Association, that In reply to the recent letter from Preshave paid their fee for 1931 and have ident Rindge to the clubs belonging to the Association, the following have replied been given an official number by the Association. and offered suggestions : 5. Number ol. models from each club Prospect Park M. Y. C. offers the folallowed to e[}ter for the F.Iimination lowing: Elimination Races: Whereas Race. A club may have the pl.ivilege of there are at present no suitable ponds to hold our elimination races on, we suggest entering one Class A model for every four models registered; for eight. registhat in order that we may have a place tered models, two may be entered, and as nearly like Gospol.t as it is possible to so on. If a club has less than four regisget, that the 1931 Elimination Races be sailed within a roped enclosure, 1000 feet tered models, it will be allowed one enlong by 200 feet wide, and that models be try; also only one entry if there are six or seven registered models. The Boston sailed from skiffs which must always be outside the roped-off enclosure, said Model Yacht Club believes that this rule course to be free from head lands, trees will stimulate other clubs to build and enjoy the privilege this rule allows. and buildings. Financing the race: Is not the present system most feasible? 6. It is the belief of the M. Y. R. A. A. We suggest that the Eagle Cup Race for that Mr. Daniels is no longer an amateur 1931 be sailed upon the Charles River if and should be barred from sailing models a suitable course can be laid out there. in all future International Races. Central Park M. Y. C.-1. That the races for the Eagle Cup in 1931 be sailed upon the Charles River; 2. That a regis- tration fee for International Class A boats be reduced from se.00 to $1.00’, believing that more boats will register under the lower fee; 3. That the funds to finance sending a challenger to England be procured as in the past. Chicago Model Yacht Club-The reason why the Chicago Model Yacht Club did not send a representative to the 1930 Elimination Races at Boston was because the distance was too far. It would be a good thing to have the Elimination Races more central. We think our pond will be completed this coming Spring, but don’t think you Eastern boys will come to Chicago. Boston Model Yacht Club.-The I.ollowing are our suggestions: I. That the Association will prosper much better if the officers can have more 7. Would it not be a good idea our English cousins for a race open from skiffs at the conclusion races on the Pond at Gosport? 8. Rule 5. New Section, “I,” to be added after Section “H.” A skiff at all times must keep reasonably away from the model which it is following, especially when the model is running so that the skipper sailing the model cannot, by a quick movement of the oars, make the. bow or stern of his skiff throw a wave, or by his oars, that will make his model fall off or luff, as the case may be. Reasonably near means at least 10 feet when not going alongside to make an adjustment or a tack. Penalty, one touch for each attempt. At a meeting of the Hxecutive Committee held in Boston on September 14, 1930, three new model clubs were elected : MODEL YACHTING St. Louis Model Yachting Association, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.` Deeper Hudson Model Yacht Club, 9121/2 Broadway, Rensselaer, N. Y. Walloon Lake Model Grand Rapids, Michigan. Yacht Club, Your officers hope the affiliated clubs `+ill attend this annual meeting or, if impossible, to send in their proxy and information as to just how they want to \-ote upon the matters to be brought up and any new business they may have in mind. Also, if there al.e any model clubs in }’our vicinity, get after them and iisk them to join your Association. Let us made 1931 a record year. 7 Waite High School, Toledo, Ohio, Oct. 9, 1930. Referring to May-June issue of Mol}EL YACHTING-article by F. T. Wood-isn’t he a bit oarr6ed a}zeJc!gr with the excellence of his designs? He says: “My EJ Oap6£on had to succumb to the yoJ8″7ig.” This is not so. EJ dap6±o” won those races, and also on September 14th this year. In running before the wind, they rate about even, depending on the luck of keeping a straight course; but in wind` walrd woir Eb Cap6tow ls irwuch faster. Not that it matters, however, as quoted. Very truly yours, A. M. YouNGQulsT. F. L. PIGEON, Seore¢argr. If you have received an Expiration Notice, your Prompt Renewal will be appreciated. The Am’erican Challenger, I’a„4ce Doodjc J/ Mr. Cox, Owner, at Stern; Joe Saunders, Cleve:and M. Y. C., at bow 8 MOI)EL •MODEL YACHTING A PRINT-CRAFT PUBLICATION ‘MELROSE HIGHLANDS. MASS. •A;RTHUR R. BRo:wN, Editor and Publisher Subecription Price TWO DOLLARS A YEAR ADVEF`Tl§lNG RATES ON APPLICATION VOL. II. OCT.-NOV.,1930 NO. 2 EDITORIALS sAm AREA BOATs Keen interest has been aroused all aver the countl.y by the great satisfaction given by sail area class boats. Class A boats will always be the outstanding class, or until such time as the International Rules are changed. Many readers have written stating that they like the Class A boats, but think they are too large for their particular use, and that they do not understand the class rule. These readers wish to race with models embodying their own ideas of a fast type of hull. Probably the greatest obstacle in the development of model racing is the lack of uniformity in the types of models built in various sections of the country. Even in meets in the large cities, such as the one put on by the Community Service of Boston last June, every imaginable type of hull is represented. For good interclub or inter-sectional meets some standard classes of models are needed. With two or three standard classes the model bug going to the Mid-west or to the coast for a vacation could take his model along `with the assurance that he would be racing on even terms with the local boats. Two years ago Francis Herreshoff suggested to the Marblehead Model Yacht Club that they adopt an unrestricted class; other than that the actual sail area should not exceed 450 square inches. YACHTING Some of the members protested, stating that there would be too great a difference in the size and weight of the boats to make for close racing. Mr. Herreshoff predicted that in a very short time the whole class would be of approximate size, and it has proved so. This class has given keen, close racing and has been taken up in sevel.al sections of the country. The 4.50 class has proved so popular, with so many boats racing in it at Marblehead, that a larger sail area class has been started there. These boats must be 50 inches on deck. At first it was proposed to carry 700 sq. in. of sail, but after trying one out with 795 the question as to whether the sail shall be increased to 900 or 1000 sq. in. is to be brought up at a meeting of the club. Here are two classes of small boats that could be taken up all over the country. The 450’s are remarkably fast and have repeatedly beaten far heavier displacement boats carrying double their sail area. The larger class will be equally satisfactory. If these boats were built all over the country, so that a model sailer could take his boat and race wherever he might be, much good would result. The sail area classes give the amateur a chance to carry out his ideas, and if built nationally would afford an opportunity for a standard comparison of speed. Standard classes, smaller than A, are needed. These sail al.ea classes are suggested. They are fine racing boats; no complicated rules ; just build the hull you think can be driven fastest with the amount of sail allowed. OUR SUPPLEMENT We are indebted to CoM. C. 0. BRooK for the drawing and plate appearing in this issue. Mr. Brook is a very busy commercial artist, doing work for some National advertisers, yet he took time, not only to prepare this intricate drawing, but he also supplied the plate from which it is printed. MODEL YACHTING 9 Atb&o!n,101 i Yankee Doodle 11, 62 a Argo 11, 413 Horien8¢a IV, 86. Tuesday the wind was moderate, the models carrying full sail for the first time, but this did not seem to make any difference to 4J.b€.,o”. The final scores: Al,btoin, 145., Yankee Doodbe 11, 90.5.. ATgo 11, T8.5., IIorbensde IV, 51. The trial races held at Gosport to select the British defender drew twentytwo entries. Six boats withdrew, leaving sixteen boats to strive for the honor o£. defending. Mr. Rudd’s .4Jbo.o7} caught a Tal.tar in Len. Smart’s C’rG88c2£, designed by Capt. Turner, this a heavy displacement boat, about 50 pounds and about 50-inch waterline. .4Zb€.om won out over the OrG98ef by one solitary point. Meet Mister A. G. BUHRMAN2T, Secretary PIGIEON SHOOTS of the Washington Model Yacht Club and editor ®f The Logr,. ].ssued occasionally by that club dul`ing the winter months to keep the members informed of the other members’ winter activities. rfaG Log is a snappy little sheet, letterhead size, I)rinted in a typewriter fiice type. Mr. Buhrmann is one of those nonracing members so indispensable at successful regattas, always willing to act in the uninteresting and thankless office of judge, starter, timer or what you will. At the National Eliminations at Boston last June, MI.. Buhrmann acted as official starter and scorer; he was on the job every minute, a very monotonous task, for three days. We understand he is one of the ever-to-be-depended-on officials of the Washington Club. ` INTERNATIONAL RACES The first race `vas started at 10 A.M. in a hard S. S. W. wind, all the competitors carrying second suit sails. The wind increased in the afternoon. The final scores for the day were: Yon,kee Doodle 11, 85., IIort;eusla IV,11. In my travels around the Eastern coast line to several model yacht clubs, I am told the same thing over and over, that is, lack of cocoperation. We here in the Boston Model Yacht Club are out, every member, to help the other asking questions. The only way to learn is by asking, and we have developed that habit. It creates such a fine feeling among the members for one another to offer suggestions and tell each other where your particular model may be improved, and any new gadgets are always passed around. Our measurer is very nice this way as he measures the different boats, telling the owner where he could improve and is short of sail area, etc. This all helps. It keeps the members interested and trying to improve all the time. Without this spirit any club will run behind; when one is afraid to tell the other, dissatisfaction sets in. At our meetings this winter it has been suggested that we have a box with mast and boom so that we can cut out sails for the different boats and use the F. T. Wood methods of fitting the sails to theo spars. Personally, I give Mr. Wood great credit for introducing this method. If “Woody” would only buy a new ear 4Jbfomu, 49; Argo 11, Z5., trumpet so that when he is around to Monday, when racing was resumed, the wind was S. W. and blowing harder than Saturday. The British boat continued to pile up points. Scores for the day: the different races you could talk with him, one could gather in a whole lot of knowledge about models and what to do to improve one’s modal. Wood has not (Continued on ¢age 13) 10 MODEL YACHTING I “SHADOW” TIME DRAWS NEAR Only a few short weeks to January 15, so bear down heavily on the pencil. The boys from Massachusetts to California are boiling along in the wake of ShadozeJ. Only the letters appearing in the words M-O-D-E-L Y-A-C-H-T-I-N-G may be used, and letters may be used only once: in other words, only words made up of the thirteen characters are to be used and they may not be repeated in any one word. hand, for it is my turn and duty not only to help you, but also the readers-the public in general and enthusiasts of model yachting. I have a proposition in mind which I think will help. I believe your magazine is a big help, not only to model yachtsmen and master builders, but also to amateurs and those who are willing to learn. I know that by our club, because we have been taught a lot by MODEL YAcllmNG. I hope you will accept my proposition -she will reach her new owner in spicto help the Mol)HI, YACHTING enthusiasts. and-span order with silver gray topside, Yours for better results, golden brown underbody, ivory deck and mahogany trim. Here is what one reader, SALVATom: MAscELI.I. who knows the boat, thinks of her: “Re- 154 Madison Ave., ceived MODEI. YACH”o today. Always Albany, New York. glad to get it. Wish it came every week. Say, boy, I’m going to win that Sha)dour, FREE TO ALLI so get it all boxed up for me. If I could PAINT YOUR BOAT FREE WITH win that, I would die happy.” Shadozty is now being entirely refinished MASCELLl’S FAMOUS PAINTS. This contest is open to all readers; just make out your list of words, mailing -OPEN them So they will I.each MODEL YACHmNo JOB. by January 15. SUBSCRIPTION CONTEST The subscription contest, which ends SELECT YOUR YOUR COMBINATION PACKAGE AND OF Sl.ART COLORS YOUR S. Mascelli, painting artist of 30 years. experience in car and automobile shops, expert in mixing colors, Fleet Captain of Deeper Hudson M. Y. C., will send, free of charge, any two color combination you S%Sj[r,e’saEnndci#!enrga#r::::de]::#:sis::ete: #¥.]5ri:::]±.shtfasessttaarnt:fn;=oV:rate:av°r- anyone who sends four subscriptions to BEN CoMFonT, St. Louis, Mo ……… 5 J. W. MAOANN, Oklahoma City, Okla. Roy CI,OUGH, Marblehead, Mass„ …. H. 0. PHII,I.lps, Los Angeles, Cal ….. 4 1 1 In addition to the three models offered, that enthusiastic model yachtsman, Salvatore Mascelli, of Albany, New York, has come on deck with a very liberal and sporting offer. We print his offer below. Before you read what he pl.oposes to do, I want you to know that anyone who is fortunate enough to receive one of “Sal’s” packages will learn for the first time what real paint and color means. He is an artist-painter in every sense of the word. Here is his letter: DEAR MR. BRoWN: As a reader of MODEI. YAcllTING and also a model sailboat fan, after reading the result of your subscription contest on I)age 9, I feel I ought to help and lend a the editor of MODEL YACHTING, Arthur R. Brown, Melrose Highlands, Mass. Color combinations recommended : Rose cherry stain, light green. Mission stain, light tan. Smoking brown, light buff. Diamond purple, light ultramal.ine. Medium buff, pearl umber. Bottle green, emerald. This offer expires April 30, 1931. Start now; don’t lose time. Be the first to receive your paint; this is your chance. There are no strings to this offer. Thel.e’s his offer, boys, and he is offer- ing you something you can get from no other source. If you get one of these outfits and follow Mascelli’s instructions, you’ll have the sweetest job of painting you ever looked at. Don’t forget all the above is in addition to the original prizes offered : MODEL YACHTING Ohar7roer, 72 inches over all; FJappor, 36 inches over all; Papoo8c, 34 inches over all. Pictures of these models will be published in future issues. After reading the above, it doe,sn’t seem as though you could hang on to that two bucks any longer. 11 object being to give the steaming pieces a good cooking on all sides. A square plug with convenient handle is cut to fit the open end. The boiler is filled through the screw cap as originally used for filling with oil. This outfit has been used by the writer the past three years and has proven very convenient and efficient. A HANDY STEAM BOX The steam box shown is a handy little outfit that works well and may be constructed at a very small expenditure of time and money. OH YEA! CO-OPERATION Says Captain John to Skipper Fred. “I love every hair in your old gray head.” The heater is a single burner electric, purchased for 89 cord and plug. cents complete with Says Skipper Fred. “My renal.ks’l] I:e few I’ve done everything I could by you ” The boiler is a copp3r lamp taken from an old incubator. The burner is removed, a piece of brass or copper cut to cover the opening, a hole to take a half-inch male hose coupling is punched through this piece, the coupling soldered to hole in co`rer, the cover soldered to opening in top of boiler. Says Captain John, “Please explain to me. How you can make two judges. three.” A box about three inches square by eighteen inches long with one end open Valiantly battling froth and foam, The staunch old hull is bounding home. (as shown in picture) is made, with another half-inch male hose coupling ft the top away from open end. A piece of half-inch common garden hose carries the steam from boiler to box. A frame is made to fit inside of the box. This frame has quartel.-inch mesh galvanized wire cloth tacked across, the Says Skipper Fred. “1’11 have you know, We’re handling this ship, so go below.” Quoth the C. 0„ with gathering frown, •`Both you birds had best pipe down.” F©Ea @ELIFfisflrmas A SUBSCRIPTION TO M©di@EFHa@ELflfiEm8 Electrically Heated Steam Box 12 MODEL EFHFENE[©E3 YACHTING E5)EEPAE&EFMERTH Edited by JACK Ah WARING, ]R. 3105 HUMBOLDT AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESoTA Address correst)o’ndence for this debartmenl to the al)oue. A YOUTHFUL SKIPPER We get quite a kick out of publishing this picture of Billy Rich’s daughter, Florence, with her F. T. Wood designed 24-.inch model Sh¢7}2rocfo. The photo was made at the regatta held in Boston, June 29th, the Sunday following the National Elimination Races on the Charles River, undei the auspices of the Community Service of Boston and the Boston Junior Model Yacht Association. Community Service and Fred Pigeon of the Boston Model Yacht Club. Florence’s boat finished first in her class, but the officials withheld the prize` as they ruled that Uncle Francis liad given her too much assistanc3. On Octo- ber 12th, on the Frog Pond at Boston, Florence came through unassisted, and proudly car.Tied home her trophy. Billy Rich showed this picture to boys at the Eagle Cup races with remark: “That is how we raise ’em Boston.” This little miss has had a wonderful time with her boat this summer. All summer long she has been in the water, swimming and practic:ng sailing this boat and she can now handle it very cleverly. DEAR MR. BRoWN: I hope you received the Pal.k Board’s subscription to MODEL YACHTING given as prizes in the 24″ and 40″ classes. We have several prizes, including $5.00 each week of racing for the 40″ and $3.00 for the 24i” class; there are ice cream sodas for lst and two for second place given each day-a total of 360 for the season; also tools are given each day, not to mention the cups for each class and the Park Board’s cash prize for the week. Instead of two cash prizes, I thought it would be nice if a sub. to “M. Y.” was given. Mr. Kodel, representing the Park Board, agreed. Be sure to send a copy to P. G. Schmidt, Box 71, New Castle, Del. He used to sail in Newark, N. J., and has built to the large classes, A and 8. Nineteen evenly matched models raced in the 40″ class this year. The June and August Florence Rich with her 24-inch Wood Designed Slramrock Prizes were given by the BoS}o” 47%c!rc.cc!7i and the Boston Tercentenary Cele- bration Fund. The races were under the direction of Francjs MCLaughlin of the I- regattas gave W7fa6rzz@inc!, a schoolboy model designed by F. T. Wood, the $5.00 each time, not to mention the subs. to “M. ,Y.” W7b€:rJ¥e)6cad is owned by Austin Mccullough and was built in my „Y” Class. n7a„¢o~Loe7., of Clarence Stouffer, took MODEL YACIITING 13 July’s races. She is from one of my 40″ designs and is similar to Ra}de:an,J, which won the September regatta, and gave me the c`iip for the third successive time. By I.eason of this, it is my permanent Pos- construction, while at least two others are guaranteed for next Spring. From this fleet it is hoped that two suitable representatives can be selected to carry the GI.and Rapids Model Yacht Club burgee session. in the 1931 eliminations. Next year’s cup will be given on a pcl.centage basis, and I want several percentage tables like the one you I)ublished in “M. Y.” Am enclosing self-addressed envelope for them. The Regatta Committee is anxious to book inter-club races for next year, and the Secl.etary would like to hear from any enthusiast. Sincerely yours, COMMODORE, Grand Rapids Model Yacht Club. ROBERT EASTBURN, Com. Delaware Model Yacht Club. GRAND RAPIDS M. Y. C. I)uring the Fall seas()n a series of model races has been held under the auspices of the Grand Rapids Model Yacht Club for a cup donated by a prominent local merchant. After nine great races, (Continued i Tom |]age gr) been himself this summer. He only stayed at the trial races one day. There is only one answer, a “skirt.” Come, Woody, break away to your first love-model yachts. We have been after the Hnglish Cup now for six years, and I have yet to read an article published by the partici- pant after his return from England that gave us any light on the methods and %naw:;Ei’a,b°ca:’erge”d7£”t£% :,rc:::. byT7%¥,.„J; what he really found out in England that \`’as well sailed at all times and took four I.aces from the miscellaneous fleet of fifteen boats. One of the, smaller craft, Bft7.be#, sailed by C. M. I,uce, managed to pile up enough points thl.ough consistent good “’ork to finish in second place. T7oJs”?!g, which beca,me nationally prominent while owned by Commodore Steinbrecher of Detroit, was not acquired by E. L. Cheney, her present owner, until the series was well under way, but she then performed so well that she forged up among the leaders. would be useful to all model yachtsmen in this country. We would like to know something of the way of rigging, shape of sails, flow of sails, how sheets are handled, shape of hulls and a lot of little things that one who has eyes can see and should broadcast here to all. One of the best ways of finding out is for. us all to go over when they get the tunnel built. I have sent over to Mr. Daniels for a complete set of class A 6-metre fittings such as he uses on his racing models, and when I get them will send them to Mr. The enthusiasm here over the sport was Cox to see if they are what we want and forced to submit to a severe test on Octowill then turn them over to Mr. Fisher, ber 19. Commodore Steinbrecher brought who can duplicate them, and anybody h.s new boat, P..Zo£, over to race against can purchase a set from him or copy the Grand Rapids skippers and was met same f rom his neighbor who has a set` by a `s-3vere blizzard. Snow had fallen, I would like to ask for information and all expected to have to break the ice whether in the opinion of Mr. Black, Mr. before they could put their yachts into Weaver or Mr. Bull about the balance the `water; but ten boats turned out and jib, do they think it is an advantage on sti.ugg,ed as fat. around the course as a model over the regular jib set on a stay; if so, all model yachtsmen want to ;[i:};s€°pu3’ffeci;Z°afi’a:ceb::Et:f::iz?n°;tsp¥:td? adopt it. Also, what has each one found took the race over the mile course from out about the proportion of the jib as to T7T”.7*”).G by a bit less than five minutes. its area to the size of mainsail. Two or yo/.qetng was damaged and forced to finthree of our 6-metres have a running ish th:rd, but the remaining yachts could sheet connected with the jib; this `must not conquer the most difficult windward be a great help and should be adopted leg. With such interest the outlook for by all. It only requires two extra blocks next Spring is most optimistic. for the deck just aft of the jib sheet traveler and 4 or 4t]/2 inches between the At the present time two 6-metre boats hLive been acquired, four more are under (Continued on bagc 16) 14 MODEL YACHTING PERSONALS Raspberries, Peaches and Quince, plucked here and there, WE UNDERSTAND THAT- Jack Ross of Chicago won the July 4th race for the DI.ysdale Cup and Labor Day race for the Club Cup. The races were sailed in a tough breeze with Class 8 models. Jack reports a very poor season of racing in Chicago. ‘The Grand Rapids Club have seventeen members, with a probability of doubling the membership by Spring. Eight 6metres are almost guaranteed for the ’31 racing, six being either well under con` struction or built. They are going through the trials of changing from a free-for-all to a rating class schedule. Com. Jim Potter is working out an old “sockdolager” of an A boat, 50-inch waterline, 50 pounds displacement. Some boat! Rich’s new boat from Fred Pigeon’s design will be 47 or 48 pounds d:splacement. They do things in a “big weigh” at Boston. A. J. Fisher writes: “I think every man and boy who builds a model yacht wants something special in the line of fittings, and everyone suggests I should make this or that fitting. They do not seem to appreciate the cost of dies or special tools to make these fittings so they can be sold at a reasonable cost. However, I am going ahead with various additions to the yacht line, and anything new I will send you a sample for your opinion; also any suggestions, such as you have already so kindly given me, will be well received.” C. 0. Brook has the Kiwan:s club “lined up to the extent of using their influence to have model yachting taught in the manual training classes in the Capital District. If this goes over, we can then plan on enlarging our membership and perhaps securing regular quarters.” J. W. Magann of Oklahoma City is interested in promoting model yachting as an activity in Sea Scouting. Mr. Magann recently sent us a nice little check for subscriptions and his own renewal. Morris Fiare of Portland, Oregon, has only been able to find one other bug, among the 300,000 inhabitants of that city, to share his fun. Mr. Flare is a well-informed model builder and an expert workman. S. L. Peikins has tried out his new schooner, which is a beautiful craft, and has sent us some photos and a report of her performance which will be published at the first opportunity. Prospects are brightening up a bit around IIamilton, Ohio, with a strong possibility of a first-class model yacht club being organized in that city. Calvin Fuhrman promises further news as the scheme progresses. The Vancouver M. Y. C. plans to send a boat to the 1931 British championship I.aces with the hope that it will place well. Eight of the sail area boats were racing ;:v¥ebdedesnE:Tsdrie¥°bv:tin:::n%.toT£:ai¥:I:: and drouth the pond is still low with a few spots .where the models ground. Seven members are building for the new 700 sail area class. Frank Courtis was expected to give his new boat a tryout November 9. The Rotary Club at Oakville, Ontario, is going to start a model yacht club for boys, with Geo. W. Barrett as instructor. Mr. Barl.ett is considering Mr. Wood’s 36-inch schoolboy model. A resident at Hampton Manor Ilake, New York, has promised to donate a cup for “A” boats, to be competed for on that lake in 1931. This will be an open event in which all “A” boats will be invited to compete. The Deeper Hudson Club has the keels laid for two “A” boats (Graffunder and Brook), and some five ol. six others have signified their intention of building to Sam Berge of Grimstad, Norway, sent this class. us a design of a 78.5 in. 0. A. Class A model that is a pippin. This will be printed as a supplement in an early issue. Mr. Berge informs us that we gave his address in a pl.evious issue as Oslo, which is some 200 miles from his home. Ben Comfort of St. Louis has designed a |Iew boat which he intends to bring East with him next season. Ben only got back to his office the first of October, and already has his 1931 campaign well under way. They work fast in St. Louis. MODEL YACHTING 15 Model Yacht Racing Association of America Tnhteerlfa.ti:-iaFin:aei|Sf:Fhptoskgcionfga#s`si:::adti:i:b;hiinch=:ncyo=i:;esse.a:iisat:onmai=?se=i::i:::. If you own a model or want to, and live in one of these towns, get in touch with the club. If there is no club in your town, organize one. We want to see a club wherever there is a pond or other suitable stretch for sailing. OFFICERS J’„f?.dc7if.. WELLINGTON RINI)GE, 1717 Beacon St., Waban, Mass. Vice-President.. A. 8. RE¥ENOLDs. `C.I,ocrc£¢ry.. FRED L. PIGEON,131 Coleridge St., East Boston, Mass. rrc4f”7c7.. E. A. BULI., 974 Rogers Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Directoru Of Affiliated Clubs BOSTON M. Y. C., FRED L. PIGE:gi %gi’:r’i°d’g’e’ street, E. BOston TOLEDO M. Y. C., A. M. YOUNfi;QaYt]:Tri:%ehc’S€ah’oyo’i, Toledo, Ohio WASHI`TGTON M. Y. C., A.G.B:=c;I:r:ke:uN9tffi:Ce:C::::’:ashington,D.C. CENTRAL PARK M. Y. C., HoWA¥ogGRWE::TLH4S7tfeg::::!J’NewYorkcity CHICAcO M. Y. C., JOHN Jogr5s.Tos¥’Hs;;;Ge’a{%nue, chicago, Ill. CLEVELAND M. Y. C., A. H. BEECHER. a?t?enifgfi:e’cieve|and, Ohio. DEEPER HUDSON MODEL YACHT CLUB, EARNEST WHITMAN, Secre£¢ry, Stop 21, Albany-Schenectady Road, Albany, N. Y. DETROIT M. Y. C., w. C. VINCENT. Sec’e`q’5’5’i6 Bay|iss Avenue Other Clubs AKRON M. Y. C., W. F. HARRls, Secrej¢ry, 306 Metropolitan Building, Akron. BRAINTREE POINT M. Y. C., E. M. VAUGHAN, Sccreja/y, 36 Quincy Ave., E. Braintree, Mass. HOLLYWOOD M. Y. C., MORTON MooRE, Sco/efavy, i4i8N.`Spauldj:i,yAwvoeoETeca|if. HLTGUENOT M. Y. C., A. BLNTTKA:X, Commodore, 203 Grea6reKajt]]kiR8:ds’taten Island GRA+`D RAPIIDS M. Y. C„ C. F. S:WERT, JR., Secretary, Kent Hills, Grand Rapids, Mick. JACKSONVILLE M. Y. C., W.J.S4aNyFfgu’nJR;hdRecre]aat;ggonBv°iiirei’F|a. KA\-SAS CITY M. Y. C., L. A. SHEEDEr`, President, 5127 Baltimore Avenue, Kansas City, Mo. I.OS ANGELES M. Y. C„ WALTER R. M+.N¥, S.crc’jar.`l, MONTCLAIR M. Y. C., Wnl.IAM H6.5 Hc?#k[NsS[re%:re6fe’: Ridge, N. J. OGDE`T PARK M. Y. C., . ROBERT H. W7H3#’sg£:’aeiao’f’street, Chicago PROSPECT PARK M. Y. C., F. H. TU9C4KE[)R;cg€f:e’s°t:::I, Brooklyn, N. Y. RHODE ISLAND M. Y. C., Ares G. ARP3°EFaEge%€r’ef::,”Frovidence. R. I. ST. AUGUSTINE M. Y. C., wARErv F. ¥TfrE.E’c?eA::’8{?’Augustine, Fla. 365 S. Mansfield Avenue, Los Angeles MARBLEHEAD M. Y. C., F. L. WooDs, JR., Sccrefavy, 10 Gregory Street, Marblehead, Mass. MARLBORO M. Y. C., T. A. LECLERc. Sccrefary, 17 Clinton St., Marlboro, Mass. MELRoSE HIGHI.AnLros M. v. c., A. R. BRowN, Sea/c/ar3l, 83 GrrieeTrwo::dHi!rhei:trfds, Mass. SAN FRANCIScO M. Y. C., CORDON SMART, Secrcfary, 116 Kearny Street, San Francisco SEATTLE M. Y. C., ARTHUR W. BACKER, ST. I.OUIS MODEL YACHTING ASSOCIATION Iryc . E. J. HENRIQUES, Secrccar’, 5784 Pershing Ave., St. Louis SOUTHERN CORINTHIAN M. Y. C., H””^.pyErs#oTXEiosgegc,’e|t8€EisoNfile,F\a. 5119-27th Ave., N. E.. Seattle, Wash. VANCOUVER MODEL YACHT CLUB E. W. E. BLACKMAN, 880 Cardero St., Vancouver, 8. C. WAI,LOON LAKE M. Y. C., ]OBIiAN CAWTHRA, sGcrefory, 40 N. Prospect St., Grand Rapids, Mich. 16 MODEL Beys’ Clubs COMMUNITY SERVICE OF BOSTON, INC., FR.”crs X. MCL^u®HL”, Director Room 2o2, 739 Boylst°Bosst:me,etinass. I)ELAWARE M. Y. C., ROBERT]FongTE#oNh€€rze|:dw’i9|’mington,Del. LIL\:COLN JUNIOR M. Y. C., FRANKI.IN Y6]Sa#y¥;n street, Malden, Mass. MERIDEN M. Y. C., RAIPHP.3J4A4CKcS3rNtis§e8{f;8{?’Meriden,Conn. (Continued from bage 13) blocks, two hooks same as you use on your running sheets for hooking into rudder quadrant. Small screw eyes in the deck for leadel.s to carry sheets clear, passing aft, and be sure to cross sheets same as running sheets. When the jib is on the same side with mainsail, the tendency of the boat is to luff up; this jib sheet helps keep her off. When jib is on opposite side to mainsail, or goosewinged, the sheet helps pull the rudder YACHTING boiling water rushing by from w`indward to leeward side. I would like to ask what are the weights of our English cousins’ sails. I believe they are more than the majority of our sails. Personally, I like a little more weight to my sails; but it would be a good idea to know. I think the Boston Model Yacht Club are building six or eight new 6metres and will have betw’een sixteen and twenty boats in this class sailing in early Spring. We are also building several new 8 boats, just for fun. With fifty or sixty models and twerity skiffs, we have some fleet to look after. With this for a starter, `ve should have some very interesting articles in reply in your next number. Send them along; it all goes to boost the model yacht. Elements of Yacht Design By NORMAN L. SKBNE $3.50 Post paid the other way f ron the way the main sheets are pulling, and allowing your boat to keep a straighter course. The gybing guys are very essential and have to be adjusted vel.y carefully to be any good. There are several methods used. I think it would be a good idea if these chaps who have had the privilege of seeing these things abroad, where they are past masters in this art of sailing, at the expense of all the clubs should write all about them and give a drawing in detail, and I know that Mr. Brown will be more than pleased to publish them. To those who are building or going to build new Literature For Model Makers Studious reading of books and magazines will show model builders many new or easier ways of doing things. Some you will find useful are listed below, and may be obtained through us. BOOKS Model Sailing Yachts, Elements of Yacht Design, Model Sail Boats, Build a Winning Model Yacht, Miniature Boat Building, Barlow’s Tables, Ship Model Making MAGAZINES a:£e:Sn’dthd±:d£:c#?n.°Wn Personal observa. This coming year the tl.ial races for 6 metres will be sailed in open waters where conditions are as near as possible to Gosport, and the light powered model will be sadly in the rear. Models should displace at least 4.2 lbs., and 45 to 50 lbs. won’t go amiss. The fastest boat in England this year was 50-in waterline and 50 lbs. displacement, 1836 square inches of sail. Any model under 42 lbs. displacement and 46 in. waterline is only a waste of time to build. Another point talked over was the size of the skeg. I understand from Mr. Cox that the English boats have small skegs. This helps out in running and reaching, not so much The Model Yachtsman, Model Yachting, Model Engineer, Model Maker, Yachting, The Rudder, Motor Boating, Power Boating, Motor Boat. CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING E%$7A5rzfo;%S$7C;?Sinper¥:fi:]n¥]a&hatss; f. #eilgg:2; 1gfmdilleetr:digne g[::gt,def:isli Boston, Mass. Blue Prints of Ships for modelmakers. Geo. B. Douglas,165 Summit Ave., Upper Montclair, N. J. Send forcircular. ___i__iiifi Hi COMING i The Biggest Sporting Event of 1931 i i THE NEW ENGLAND i SPORTMENS i SHOW i Meehanics Building February 7th to 14th, 1931 i Personal direction CHESTER I. CAMPBELL i i ap3Tgs^ i i The Display of Model Yachts and Boats is one of the interesting features of this Big Show. Every boy and girl should start now making their models and enter them. i i i i Mr. Fred Pigeon, of the Boston Model Yacht Club will be in charge of this display. He will be glad to assist you in completing an entry in this great show. i tyFkeJgiv i I Don’t Forget the Dates i H i February 7th to 14th 1931 +_ # Th ___ilc=|||_ __# __ il * # i :i FISHER’S FITTINGS FOR MODEL YACHTS Goosenecks, 376 to 1 inch, 50c to $2.00. Mast and boom bands 25c Rudder for Sea Sco#/, assembled, brass or aluminum, $1.50 Special Fittings Made to Order In either brass or aluminum, at reasonable prices Turnbuchles coith one inch take-u|., eel.ecially suited for Class A models. regular or with fork, 30 and 35 cents Gooseneck for ScaJ Scowl 50c, Shackles 10, 12 and 15c Travelers, 15 and 50c A. J. FISHER 1002 Etowah Avenue, Royal oak, Michigan Illustrated catalog No. 6 mailed apon recoil.i Of I.n cehis Plcasc mention Mo/c/ y¢fA/i’#g when writing Supplement to MODEL yACH7YIVG, November, 1930 Bar c. o. BRooK, COMMODORE, THE DEEpm HUDsORT M.T.c. EiF+7″`c/”U`.ul ./ 8o,” ’b, +I loiiho~/ I idequi/Oar.ai o^4/ lh.I.i fo, £ctf :;2.I ~ _ _ __ |i •–¢ „.r/ 7Jh.4 ~ E` `=fFxpbm:::I::;X:i::..wi~ft–rr~`a’r~dr:.f~z,ir.zr;~,.,a.,:i:::=:;:i__ J/&Sec@r^+Ltt8< are A,_Of AAede /. Sc4/a f r„ `/n an/ /ro,¢r+;ex ,~„e/ey /l'U;M8 7#:+ SZ^:re- ";ed:;A;:£:;i;°f/:::#/:,";:://c/y,:m`,:'t:ze,:/fag""8::;::;,";/:P:oPo:;;:::/:,##,r#;:,:::¢;,;;:.:/:/;e4;:::-#/`#,"/`,C;/:;;::,'::;:::;e ff;;;#;,Afro,:,:##fro€wl`;;`';:{'`~;fz%,;,;{;%;,:,;p:;;°';i:;#;:;,%;':,::e%::;::`:::.;%:£`:*efti:i,