The Model Maker: Volume 17, Issue 7 – April, 1940

THE MODEL ENGINEERING MAGAZINE “ o > aa THE COMMODORE’S CORNER The Vane Gear and Its Component, the Sliding Rig. BY COMMODORE CHARLES HENRY. HE accompanying photographs show in de- tail the California vane gear and the refined sliding rig, mounted on the two deluxe M class models, Gurgles, 1939 national champion, and her companion, Shamrock. Presentation and discussion of technical and theoretical ‘subjects related to model yachting will be the feature of this department. Material intended for publication should be addressed to “The Commodore’s Corner,” care of THE MopsrMAKER. Constructive criticism of articles and plans are invited. All such, however, must be free from rancor or personalities. Improvements on both these aids to the control of model yachts make for extreme neatness, sheets, is concentrated on the center line of the sudden change of wind direction, when closehauled, the yacht may be put on a reach instantaneously when she comes ashore, in one quick motion, while with other rigs the sheets and rudder must generally be adjusted, with yacht. consequent loss of time. and relieves the deck of many sheets, lines, blocks and gear. Most of the sliding rig, carrying mast, spars, sails, stay and synchronized The M class is the only M. Y. R. A. A. class upon which both the vane gear and the sliding rig may be legally used, as the A class and the 6-Meter class rules forbid moving the mast more than 4%” from a marked position on the deck, which automatically rules out the sliding rig. The question of whether or not the vane gear and sliding rig should be allowed to be used bothers many model yachtsmen. Those of one school resent the intrusion of what they term “mechanical robots,” while the other school maintains that these are the only really scientific The vane, however, may be used on all classes gears that will get the most efficiency out of a except the X class. model yacht. Shorn of the sliding rig’s assistance, the position of the vane stops must Considerable controversy has arisen because be varied for windward work according to the of the past season’s use of the vane and sliding different wind strengths encountered. rig in important regattas, and the sailing rules A gauge is used to determine these exact positions and of the M. Y. R. A. A. are in process of revision the calibrations marked on deck for reference to clarify the situation. in setting at the desired angles. A precedent was established in England a few seasons ago, when the question of handling The new X pers class, hailed as the choice of skip- preferring whatever, no forbids gadgets the use of either vane gear or sliding rig, and meets with their full approval, as they feel they should be accorded the privilege, as one correspondent writes, “to sail in the good old-fashioned way.” The sliding rig offers ex- pediency in changing the center of effort, and may be used to great advantage when running or reaching, as well as to locate the c.e. in the best possible position wind strengths. for different It also assists the vane gear by being moved fore or aft without changing the stops of the latter. 220 In a “Gurgles”—1939 National Champion M (50/800) class. The Modelmaker the vane in changing tacks while beating came up. One group contended that putting the vane over to the opposite stop constituted a “retrim,” and the yacht must be stopped. The authority in charge of the races decided otherwise, and then the squawks began to come in loud and long. Another fashion introduced by skiff sailors was to “bat” the vane over with the hand when a tack was made. The fact of the matter is that, should the vane be completely put over for a new tack in a dead beat, it could hardly be classified as a “retrim.” However, it has been demonstrated that no check is possible on that score, and that a skip- per could easily claim he made a full tack, while actually failing to put the vane away up to the opposite stop; he could also adjust the vane slightly to change the course of the yacht, without detection. This possibility compels the rule makers to require that a yacht equipped with a vane gear be stopped and retrimmed whenever she comes ashore, unless it is desired to use the vane as a self-tacking device. Another question is whether or not different types of steering gear, or combinations of vane and other types, may be used during any one race or series of races, on any particular yacht. One side wishes to forbid this, believing it offers too great an advantage, while others think it is quite right and proper to change from one _ to another. It is quite impossible for anyone to keep track of the numerous variations and com- binations now in use or planned, and this fact prevents classification, hence any fair-minded rule committee could not with justice forbid this practice of substitution. However, yachts re- quiring load water line measurement must be measured with the heaviest steering gear on board and the details recorded on their certicates, as it has been proven that an A class or 6-M. yacht will be substantially altered in trim by the addition of a heavy vane gear at the stern, and thus automatically requires re- measurement, unless originally measured with heaviest gear aboard. Further, some skippers are not satisfied with one vane feather, but must needs carry several, graduated in size, thereby adding to the cost “Shamrock”—M_ (50/800) class. each class of models, one sailing without vanes, sliding rigs and spinnakers, and the other using everything that can be obtained or invented in the way of a gadget. It is a case of gadgets against personal skill.” The much-discussed question of the vane acting as a sail also calls for considerable thought. It is generally conceded that a very slight help is afforded by the vane feather in the way of drive. However, by compelling a vane-equipped yacht to be stopped dead when coming ashore, the slight advantage of extra drive is discounted. Of course it is possible to fix or sheet a vane feather in such a way as to have it act as additional sail area, but this can be prevented by forbidding it to be used in such a manner. and complexity, which discourages easy-going The modern model yachtsman is confronted and pleasure-loving skippers to continue in the with many problems, and it seems that the more game of “keeping up with the Joneses.” mechanically minded lie awake nights scheming A sample of the feeling of at least one skipper in the latter category is expressed in the following quotation: to invent some new gadget or to beat an existing rule. The greater portion of the skippers would “If the worst comes to the rather consider the sport as a sport and not a worst, and a compromise cannot be effected to competition of college professors trying to make satisfy both sides in this controversy, it is evi- it as difficult as possible to compete sucessfully dent that there will have to be two divisions in and pleasurably. April, 1940 221 BY C. O. BROOK VER in the Quaker State, the Philadelphia who did more for the sport than any other M. Y. C. is determined not to lose its many single individual in the same length of time. sailing events in spite of all the handicaps the He was with the old Wakefield (Mass.) M. Y. C., city and state or park officials might put in its and what a skipper he was! path. This coming Fall the members will sail at shell, Art… we’d like to see another Question “Hunting and Answer, an Estralita and one of the M’s and Park,’ located at the Roosevelt Blvd. and Broad St. junction of This is a new Come out of that X’s from those clever hands of yours. This lake, evidently, and it runs due north and south with a measurement of 200×630 ft… . and scribe has missed you, as has many another in there is plenty of depth for A boats and a fine wall around it so wading will not be necessary. others of the old gang. And those indefatigable Stouts, “Doc” and his family, are building a new A. Well, if it is like Another women’s model yacht club is on the the sport. Dan Manning came back … so have And again the dear ladies come into the news. map—the Bayview Women’s M. Y. C. of De- the well known Jane, it will be a honey. They troit, Mich. are careful builders and good skippers all… . as secretary, asks for books, etc., on the sport. Miss S. Moede, 11681 Laing Ave., Carl Christensen is building an M of 18-pound Good work, lady. Faster and faster is breaking displacement. down the idea that this is a man’s sport, just as Good luck, Carl; sail her and keep her on top. There are already two of this same design by non-members, and they look fine. Get them into the club, Carl, and make ’em the M. Y. R. A. A. and the divisions. show what these models will do in competition. all aglee over the boats being constructed. There is possibility of a new club over in Lebanon, Pa. Chester Shott, 1229 Church St., lot of chappies there are building 10-Raters, and has a nice Cheerio 2 built and is enthusiastic to class, there is a lot of sailing with them. Junny in golf, etc. Next, we’ll have a lady president of Over the border the Canadian M. Y. R. A. is A while they have not as yet been recognized as a get a group of friends together and add one more Austin has one that will rate as an A, he says. club to our rapidly growing list, which is now well into the hundreds, both registered and un- Well, it isn’t impossible, I suppose, but I am registered. wondering how they do it. and Sam King and George Barret are building living near Lebanon should get in touch with Chester and make his efforts bear fruit. Club new 6-Meter jobs from the same design. Sam members Anyone in nearby reading these lines communities might also contact this chap; it will help him and the sport. From Dayton, O., another crony writes that while model yachting refuses to lift its happy head, J. Bolgiano, who last year took his family to Rensselaer to watch the races, keeps the beacon of the sport alight in an effort to bring to life the old Dayton M. Y. C. He is contacting ‘Wililam Richards, public recreation commis- sioner of Cincinnati, in the hope that through him he will be able to interest local authorities is planking his while George is carving one. This should be a good chance to see what type of hull performs the best. I hear that Doc Houk of the Seattle M. Y. C. is compiling an extensive work on the sport as a historical contribution. Doc is one of those patient, persevering men who do a good job well, and does not hurry the matter. I’ll be glad to hear from you, skipper, and read your findings. They should be interesting. Up at Niagara Falls we find that E. C. Gille- And at long last we again hear from our old friend Art Brown, he of model yachting fame land, a manual training instructor, has completed one M class and is working on Lillijegren’s Catspaw. His school class is building 36” models preparatory to going into the M class before the of a past decade. Art was one of the old pioneers season is over. in reviving the sport in these industrial centers. 230 The Modelmaker We hear an occasional word from the Ryde Pigeon, Boston, vice-president; W. Hoeg, Mar- M. Y. C. over in England, through Arthur Ker- blehead, secretary-treasurer. ridge and Horace Ash. In spite of the war they new flag, using now the code letters N and E. continue to build the M’s. This is the club which was first to adopt the M’s in Europe. And they have a The five New England clubs, plus John Black’s class from the Watertown High School, had a Over at Marblehead, Mass., Dex Goodwin is fine display of beautiful models at the Sports- planning a “mental” M …and when Dex gets men’s Show at Boston for the eight-day period, the gray matter busy, we can look for a new and a large number of prospective modelmen and fast model on the line at the first race of the were contacted. season. Sid Doane is about ready to take the Not much to report as yet from the Eastern water with a new one, as is Rear Commodore Division meeting in New York, except that the Connor. Well, those Marbleheaders know their same officers were re-elected with the exception boats, and what a time it is, trying to take them of this writer, who was replaced as vice-presi- on Redd’s Pond! dent by Frank Snow of the South Jersey And Ben Chapman of the Lynn M. Y. C. is M. Y. C., since the constitution does not permit working out a new one… carved bow and anyone who resides outside the division to hold stern sections and planked amidships. Sounds odd, but anything Ben does has a practical pur- office … and I am a long way from home for the present. pose and need not be scoffed at. Ben is an old The Cleveland (O.) M. Y. C. just had an elec- timer both in big boats and models, and many tion of officers, with the following set-up: com- a skipper has improved by listening to him. His modore, T. Rolfe, 8511 Willard Ave.; vice-com- new model will have only 5” draft on a 10” modore, R. Malek, 12404 Soika Ave.; treasurer, O. J. Steppart, 3502 Daisy Ave.; secretary, M. J. beam. I’d like to see it, Ben. Harry Avery of the Long Island M. Y. C. has a fine reel of model yacht racing that he offers Donovan, 1376 Edendale Rd. They have 15 M’s and 4 A’s in commission and 7 M’s building. This to show at club meetings within reasonable dis- club has been doing only skiff sailing but this tance of his home. That’s typical of the generous year will follow both skiff and pond work, having secured the use of city ponds suitable for the acts of the Long Island M. Y. C. members. D. Haliburton and Jim Potter of Boston are purpose, What would they do if The Deeper Hudson M. Y. C. has gone mad they ever took a census of the models around over new boats this year. I just got a letter from Boston? There are more models in Boston than H. there are fish in the ocean .. . almost. news over new members, new models and more building new models. The Warinanco M. Y. C. invites all and sundry Graffunder that was loaded with excited races and banquets and picnics than they ever to take part in its race at Warinanco Park, Eliza- had before. beth, N.J., to be held June 22 and. 23. for its social activities, and one wonders where This This club has always been known scribe knows that anyone taking part will have it gets all its enthusiasm. good racing and a good time. It is a fine crowd. the same They plan on adding music to their sailing and dances, card parties, picnics, and an occasional are banquet … plus a Christmas party, an annual organizing a small band in the club. I thing—new Year after year it is members, new models, think they will be the first in the sport if they regatta and an annual club get-together … in go through with it. addition to sailing every Sunday that the ice is Why not? … and what’s the matter with a few good glee clubs, quartets, etc.? It all makes for fun. off the lake. It only shows what can be done when folks And just this moment comes word that the in a club put their heart and soul into the work. Long Island M. Y. C. is building 10 X and 12 M They take advantage of every opportunity to class boats to add to its fleet. Boy, it sure does make a get-together. keep a big fleet. Reminds me of the surprise I members have always meant showers and par- got at the Irvington M. Y. C., which has nearly ties; marriages likewise; and trips some place 150 models, and in addition to the regular club, all the time. a unit of the Irvington Post of the American means. Legion, it has a junior club and a And what racing they do! girls’ club. Often the authorita- Several babies born to And they are all of very modest It is with regret that we note the passing of that club’s first fleet captain, Jake Uhl, of tive parent has to admit defeat at the hands of Hampton Manor… . Jake was a big help to the his offspring. club when first organized, and we wish he could The new officers of the New England League are Dawson Richards, Wakefield, president; Fred April, 1940 have stayed with us for more years than he did. And that’s that, ’til next issue.—‘“C. O.” 231 sails for the International A, X, 10 rater, Inland, or any other class, except as to general measurements. The restrictions and regulations in sail making as pertaining to any particular class must be observed, and it might be well to review those applying to the Marblehead class as they exist at the time of this writing (briefly): Actual sail area not to exceed 800 sq. in. Roach not to exceed 2”. Four battens allowed in main- BY WALTER K. MOSS. [Editor’s Note: This article on “Sails” is written in two installments, the last of which will appear in the next issue of THE MopeLmMaker.] N the selection of your yacht plan you made a careful study of the lines of the hull because you wanted the best design for the prevailing conditions where you proposed to do most of your sailing. Then you followed the details care- fully to assure yourself that the finished product sail, dividing the leach equally, and not to exceed 4” in length. Three battens allowed in jib, dividing the leach equally, and not to exceed 2” in length. Base of headboard shall not exceed 34” and not be stiffened to sail with wire, or otherwise. Jib forestay, at point of mast attachment, must not exceed 80 per cent of sail plan height from deck. Spinnakers allowed without computed areas so long as sheeting rules are observed. The first step, in considering the matter of sails, is the selection of the material. completed light spars and efficient fittings. You A good suit of sails is light in weight, of fine texture and fairly smooth, not easily stretched and non-shrinking enameled and polished all surfaces to a gleaming and, if possible, water resistant. luster. materials which have proved most satisfactory would exactly reproduce the blue prints. You However, necessary as all this may be, Among those everything you have done so far is actually a are union silk, balloon silk, “Egyptian cotton,” hindrance to the sailing of your yacht. longeloth, waterproof window shade cloth, and a patented English material called X-L which After all, the wind creating a pressure on the windward side and a vacuum on the lee side of resembles your sails provides the only propulsion for your Occasionally one, or more, of these can be obtained at the ordinary department store, but the boat. If you will accept this fact, you will ap- a heavy grade of blueprint linen. preciate the importance of giving your very best writer has found it most convenient to obtain attention to the sail surfaces. The sailing quali- the lightest weight grade of good spinnaker cloth ties, speed and control of your model are de- handled by regular ships’ chandlers and finds pendent on good sails. Aerofoils in wind tunnels this meets most of the qualifications. The window shade material is a smooth surfaced, hard textured, waterproof material that lends itself have taught the sail maker how to improve his designs and balances, thereby increasing the power; and the result is that more “pull” has admirably to layout and cutting, but is a bit been gained from equal sail expanses than was more difficult than the others to sew. the case in earlier days. Today’s builders might probably be purchased through your local shade just as well advantage by these studies and ex- repair shop, or possibly through a book binder. It can perience. Nevertheless, it would be rare indeed Some experimenting has been done with such to experience the satisfaction of having every materials as cellophane, pliofilm and synthetic element of hull, sail area, wave, wind velocity, materials such as is used in shower bath cur- ete., combined so perfectly that your boat would tains, but the stitches in these have been known approach 90 per cent efficiency. It just isn’t in to start tears, sun and water have induced rot- the cards regardless of what you do, and that is ting, stretching has been excessive, and other what makes this sport of model yacht racing so difficulties experienced. Two yards of any mate- fascinating. While this discussion will be confined to sails rial is sufficient for a suit of Marblehead sails, and a first and second suit can be cut from three for the Marblehead class model racing yacht, the yards, instructions given would apply equally well to heavy weather. 244 the second suit being storm sails for The Modelmaker — ¢ —————— The material list is made up as follows: and the length of the foot of the mainsail. If both are too long your craft will be sluggish; if too Two yards of 30”, or wider, material (approximately 90 cents per yard). short, it will be erratic and hard to control. Ten dress hooks for attaching mainsail to jack- Another relationship to the whole enters here, line. and that is the length of the foot as compared to One celluloid headboard for mainsail. Four celluloid battens 345” x 74” x 4” for mainsail. the height of the hoist. While no combination is Three celluloid battens 345” x #;” x 2” for jib. perfect for every set of conditions, the following Small box of 4%” metal eyelets for sail corners. proportions One spool of cotton basting thread. would probably prove a happy choice: Two spools of silk thread for machine work. Foot Four yards of pre-shrunk 5%” linen binding tape. Two feet of pre-shrunk 1%” linen tape for batten pockets. Hoist Mainsail _–_—- 1 to 2.30 Jib 1 to 3.10 eee eae Because of the factors mentioned it would seem Two feet of pre-shrunk 14” linen tape for jib reinforcing. best to aim at the relationships outlined, as, Shoemakers’ thread is excellent for joining head- much deviation from these figures will carry board to mainsail. one to extremes—that is, unless you propose to It is advisable to set your craft up on the stand explore uncharted territories. with the mast squared and raked to about 34”. Install the spars, using string attached to the mast to hold them in their proper positions—the after end of the jib club alining with the goose neck and the after end of the boom 544” above the deck. (This provides clearance from the water when the boat is heeled and enables the running sheets to continue functioning.) Now measure the straight distances between the head, tack and clew corners of each triangle to those points where you wish the eyelets to be located in the finished sail. It is best to draw a rough diagram on which to note these measurements. Recheck your measurements for accuracy. Your sail material should now be laid flat on a smooth surface such as a large drawing board or a plywood panel, or the kitchen linoleum is excellent if your wife doesn’t object. 20.1″ Fix it in place with thumb tacks and be very careful to avoid stretching or wrinkling. The selvedge is Ls ~\ that edge which is closely woven by the manufacturer to prevent raveling, and because of wind strain on the sail surfaces care should be et” taken that all sails are laid out in accordance ° with the illustrations. MAIN AREA SSS From exhaustive experiments conducted by expert investigators a number of interesting CENTER OF EFFORT APPROXIMATELY C.E. 3IN. AHEAD OF CLR NOT SAILING. OF UNDER WATER BODY—=C.L.R OF EACH SAIL & COMBINED SAIL PLAN TO DETERMINE CENTER OF EFFORT sideration by the model yacht sail maker, es- MAINSAIL pecially in fitting a suit of sails to his particular JIB hull design. There is only one center of effort which will approximate perfection on your own 585 x _203 xX 788 The illustration boat and the author cannot tell you where that 24 = 14040 9 * =_1827 {5867 158G6T- 20.1 788 above makes it plain how the center of effort of each sail, and the entire might be—whether high or low, forward or aft— way. One of these discloses that the proportion JIB AREA 203 > Se CENTER LATERAL RESISTANCE @& items have come to light which deserve con- but some factors can be followed in a general 9 585 sail plan, can be found. . The only reason for determining this is so that the sails may be properly located with relation to the center of of area in the jib to that in the mainsail should lateral resistance of the hull. be 1 to 2.85, as this combination is most likely to point around which the hull turns, and prove satisfactory on a conventional design. It easily be found by immersing the model and should also be borne in mind that a relationship pressing it sideways across the water with a exists between the length of the keel appendage pencil point placed near the water. If the pres- April, 1940 The c.Lr. is that can 245 — —_ sure point is too far forward the stern will lag, of this point on a Marblehhead model. The cal- if too far aft the stem will lag; when the pressure culated center of effort and the located center of point is centered at the c.l.r. both ends will move lateral resistance are now established only for equally. a boat not in motion; when sailing, both of these Mark this spot on your sheer line, as the mast step should be mounted about 4” ahead points automatically move forward varying MODEL YACHT RACING ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA OFFICIAL RACING CALENDAR FOR 1940 NATIONAL EVENTS July 4, 5, Mich. 6.—Natienal Host, Greater Championship, M Detroit A M. Y. Class, at Detroit. Aug. 31, Sept. 1-2.—National Championships, A Class, at Boston, Mass. either Host, class is Boston two M. models Y. per C. Note: club, Entry with one limit for of location, is eligible for entry. Entries, with fees, must be in the hands of National Secretary C. W. Sweet, 13 Franklin St., Marblehead, Mass., five days before advertised date of start of race. A model yacht competing in any National, Divisional, or Invitation Regatta (excepting open competition not restricted as istered in the M. Y. to registration) banquet meeting will precede at 8 p.m. the meeting. Banquet at 6 p.m., additional entry allowed for each five models registered in 1940 in excess of the first 10. Any club in good standing, regardless July 6.—Annual Meeting of the M. Y. R. A. A. at the Hotel Savarine, E. Jefferson at Lenox, Detroit, Mich. The annual shall be reg- R. A. A. May 4-5.—Gillette Trophy at Boston, Mass. A class. Two models per club. No entry fee. Auspices Boston M. Y. C. June 22.—Prince Trophy, A Class, skiffs. No limit of entry, no fee. June 23.—Eagle Cup Races, A Class, skiffs. Three-boat teams, each club. No entry fee. Both Prince and Eagle Cup races under auspices of the Prospect Park M. Y. C. EASTERN DIVISION CHAMPIONSHIPS Apr. 7.—Prospect Fark M. Y. C. Invitation Race, M class, skiff. Apr. 14.—Washington M. Y. C. Invitation Race, M class. May 5.—Quaker City M. Y. C. Invitation Race, M class. course May Lake, Fairmount 12.—Warinanco Elizabeth, only. N. J. M. Park, Y. Five boats Con- Ross Trophy, per club, M class, Metropolitan at League May 25-26.—Marblehead Perpetual Challenge Cup, M class, at Springfield Park, Springfield, L. I., N.Y. Auspices Atlantic M. Y. C. One boat per club. June 8-9.—Eastern Division M Class Championship, at Springfield Park, Springfield, L.1., N. Y. One boat per club, and one additional boat for each 10 members having registered a boat or boats over and above the first 10 members having done so. Entry fee $1 per model. June 22-23.—Sportsman’s Trophy Race, co, M class, at Warinan- N. J. July 6-7.—Sportsman’s Trophy GL. T., NOX July 20-21.—Marblehead M. Y. Race, A class, at Springfield, C. Invitation Race, at Marble- head, Mass. Aug. 3-4.—Deeper Hudson Regatta, M class, skiffs. Aug. 17-18.—Eastern Division Championship, Washington, N. Y. Aug. 31-Sept. 1.—Anderson Mass. Philadelphia. C. boat for each 10 members having registered a boat or boats over and above the first 10 members having done so. Entry fee $1 per model. A Class, at Port Two boats per club, and one additional Sept. Cup, M class, skiffs, at Lynn, ; 7-8.—Eastern Division X Class Championships, ton, Mass. at Bos- Races start at 1 p.m. Sept. 7, and end at 1 p.m. Sept. 8. Send entries to C. H. Farley, 87 Quincy St., Medford, Mass. Sept. 14-15.—Washington M. Y. C. Imvitation Regatta, A class. Sept. 28.—Eastern Division A class, at Redbank, N. J. Skiff-Sailing Championship, Sept. Skiff-Sailing Championship, 29.—Eastern Division M class, at Redbank, N. J. Oct. 5-6.—Campbell per club. Oct. at Cup, M class, at Boston. Three boats 13.—Irvington Cup, M class. Metropolitan League only, Hempstead Park, N. Y. Five boats per club. Oct. 13.—Philadelphia M. Y. C. Inivitation Race, A class, at Hunting Park Lake, Roosevelt Blvd. and Broad Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Oct. 20.—Philadelphia M. Y. C. Invitation Race, M class, Same place as above. « MID-WEST DIVISION EVENTS June Ill. 15-16.—Midwest 14.—Schute July 20-21.—Midwest Mich. July M Class Four yachts per club, July Trophy, Entry fee 21-22.—North Detroit, Championships entry fee $1 A class, Championship, at Chicago, each yacht. at Detroit, 6-M Mich. class, at Detroit, $1. American Championship, 6-M class, at Mich. July 27-28.—Aaron De Roy Trophy, A class, at Detroit, Mich. Aug. 10-11.—Midwest Championship, A class, at Detroit, Mich. Entry fee $1. No limit of entries per club. Aug. 18.—Saugatuck tuck, Mich. Gold Bowl Sept. %7-8.—Frankel Trophy, Columbia M. Y. C. Regatta. M class, Skiffs, at Sept. 22.—Midwest Championship, 36” class, Entry fee mates, 18 years 25 cents per yacht. or under on Jan. Age 1, at Detroit, SaugaMich. at Detroit, Mich. limit, skippers and 1940. PACIFIC DIVISION EVENTS Apr. 6-7.—Divisional Invitation, M class, at Long Beach, Calif. May 4-5.—Divisional Calif. June 8-9.—Divisional Championship, M Claas§ A class, at Championship Berkeley, at Seattle, Wash. Green Lake. Entry fee $1 per yacht. Aug. 4,—Divisional X Class Championship at Calif. Noy. 19.—Rankin Trophy, M class, San Francisco, at Berkeley, Calif. PACIFIC NORTHWEST M. Y. R. A. A. EVENTS May 5.—Pacific more Trophy, Northwest Championships, at Vancouver, B.C. M class. July 7.—Pacific Northwest A Class Championships, 246 Black- Schoenfeld Trophy, at Seattle, Wash. Aug. 4.—Bellingham Trophy Shield, Wash. M class, at Bellingham, The Modelmaker amounts due to the design of the sails and hull profile, and adjustments in balance for these THE NEW factors can only be accomplished by shifting the mast on the step or the jib on the rack. This operation is called “tuning the boat” and is a very necessary adjustment, to be made only WHIRLWIND under sailing conditions. The effectiveness of a suit of sails depends on their fit and flow. A moderate flow is best for MODEL prevailing light winds, and a flat flow where the breezes are stronger. With loose footed RACER sails such as those being described, the flow is determined by the manner in which the luff edges of the sails are cut. A sailmaker’s reputation depends on his ability to add, or take away, material in the proper places to produce the right flow within the given measurements. Cut- ting roaches onto the leach and foot of the sails does not effect their flow, but does add a limited amount of unmeasured area and prevents sagging and an untidy appearance after the sails have taken their normal stretch. A change in flow will be effected, however, depending on ‘ how tightly, or loosely, the foot of the sails is sheeted. With modern high sail plans it Bae =~ ( view) \ is advisable to keep the flow moderate, and such are the measurements given in the illustrations in this and the following installment. pal ALREADY ACCLAIMED THE GREATEST OF ALL ENGINEERING TRIUMPHS IN MODEL RACING! Model racing fans who have witnessed the Whirlwind in action through scores of vigorous tests have hailed it as the latest and greatest boon to this breathtaking sport. No wonder the new Whirlwind is making such a big hit. It has been perfectly designed in every detail by men with practical experience in the model racer field. See Whirlwind’s many ‘‘FIRSTS’’: First in transverse spring action to keep car under control. First in low center of gravity to keep it hugging the track. First in Special Formula Aluminum castings for added strength. First in motor guard casting below radiator grill to protect engine. First in new style wheels and tires for extra speed, extra safety, extra wear. First in beauty; highly polished aluminum body with authentic scale designing to conform to AMRCA standards. Compare These Specifications of the Whirlwind Wheel base, 1234”. Overall length, 18”. Special Formula Aluminum castings designed for stamina and strength. No machining, no drilling necessary. Extra strong ‘‘X’’ braced, polished frame. All Aluminum l-piece body, HIGHLY POLISHED, with built-in instrument panel. Polished radiator grill, motor guard and drip pan. Perfected transverse spring suspension. Rear wheel drive with hardened steel . Boston 2 to 1 ratio gears, running in oil in enclosed drive housing. Direct drive through ball universal joint. NEW TYPE wheels and tires with low cost replacement feature. Front wheels, 35%” diameter. Rear, 373” diameter. 81%” tread. Bronze wheel bearings. Strong shock proof front axle, adjustable for steering. Adjustable radius rods. Kit comes complete with assembly drawing and all necessary hardware. ca | 9 s Lee aive Your Whirlwind Is Ready for Shipment—Order Today! @ 9″ Workshop Back-Geared, Screw-Cutting Metal Working Lathe now in Model A Quick Change Gear and Model B Standard Change Gear with power cross feed, also Model C without power cross feed. 38 attachments for Mfg., Laboratory, Repair Shop. OTHER SIZES: 9”, 11”, 13”, 1414”, 16” and 16-24” swing, bed lengths 3/ to 12’, motor drive and Countershaft drive. SOUTH BEND LATHE WORKS 176 E. Madison St., Get in on the fun of model racing that has spread like wildfire from tens, to hundreds, and now to thousands of model hobbyists. And, remember, there’s many an extra thrill in having a Whirlwind. Assembly time of the Whirlwind is cut to a minimum by accurate casting and machining of parts and simple alignment and assembly features. In less than two hours you can have the Whirlwind assembled and running. Fill in coupon now. Mail it today. H. F. AULER CO., Dept. MM-40, Wis. § .5O DEALERS and JOBBERS Postpaid Wire or write at once!—for favorable trade Complete, Less Fly Wheel and Motor South Bend, Ind., U.S. A. FREE! Write for Catalog No. 46-B showing = complete details of the new 9” lathe. Milwaukee, Lowest Price in Top Quality Racers terms and sales helps on the Whirlwind. BRHREHEEH Hw is ie South Bend Lathe Works 176 E. Madison St. South Bend, Ind., U.S.A. Send Catalog No. 46-B Free, Postpaid Name B Address L City se A LAT es | se = H. ___State._ oe he eee AULER CO., Dept. MM-40 . . : = Please send immediately your sensational New Whirlwind s = Model Racer Kit. I am enclosing ( ) Money Order for $19.50 in full payment. : = s 2 + Address SSR ( ) Check = . = Name SRB April, 1940 F. « 1743 W. Fond du Lac Ave., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. = Gentlemen: ESR : ESSER ERE ERR RRR RR RRR RRR eee 247